Home Art Sun unleashes monster X7.1 flare that could supercharge Earth auroras (video)

Sun unleashes monster X7.1 flare that could supercharge Earth auroras (video)

Sun unleashes monster X7.1 flare that could supercharge Earth auroras (video)

The sun welcomed October with a bang, firing off two powerful flares in just over 24 hours.

The more recent of the two was an X solar flare , the strongest of its kind — and it was a powerful X, clocking in at X7.1 on the flare classification scale . That one peaked on Tuesday (Oct. 1) at 6:20 p.m. EDT (2220 GMT). 

According to Spaceweather.com , this flare was one of the most significant of the current Solar Cycle 25, ranking as the second-biggest behind the massive X8.7 flare on May 14 . (Activity of the sun waxes and wanes on an 11-year cycle.) A partial or complete loss of high frequency (HF) radio signals likely resulted from the outburst in sunlit parts of Earth. This would include parts of the Western Hemisphere, the Pacific Ocean, Australia and the Asia-Pacific region.

NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft captured this view of an X7.1 solar flare erupting on Oct. 1, 2024. (Image credit: NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams, helioviewer.org) A coronal mass ejection (CME) — a huge eruption of solar plasma — was associated with the X7.1 flare, Spaceweather.com reported. The CME was Earth-directed and is expected to hit our planet on Friday (Oct. 4), likely spawning a strong geomagnetic storm that could supercharge aurora displays.

When these storms occur, Earth’s magnetic field undergoes a shakeup that can affect not only auroras but also navigation systems, power grids and even satellite communications. The more powerful the storm, the higher the number on the geomagnetic storm scale , and the more dramatic the effects will be.  

Tuesday’s flare erupted from the sunspot AR3842. On Monday (Sept. 30), the same sunspot blasted off a M7.6 flare. M-class flares are the second strongest to X, which are 10 times more powerful. The flare occurred at 7:59 p.m. EDT (2359 GMT) and resulted in parts of the Pacific Ocean experiencing a shortwave radio blackout. 

Forecasters with the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Space Weather Prediction Center did not mention any Earth-bound CMEs from that flare in their forecast discussion . 

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Meredith is a regional Murrow award-winning Certified Broadcast Meteorologist and science/space correspondent. She most recently was a Freelance Meteorologist for NY 1 in New York City & the 19 First Alert Weather Team in Cleveland. A self-described “Rocket Girl,” Meredith’s personal and professional work has drawn recognition over the last decade, including the inaugural Valparaiso University Alumni Association First Decade Achievement Award, two special reports in News 12’s Climate Special “Saving Our Shores” that won a Regional Edward R. Murrow Award, multiple Fair Media Council Folio & Press Club of Long Island awards for meteorology & reporting, and a Long Island Business News & NYC TV Week “40 Under 40” Award.

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